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1.基本概念：

采暖系統：冬季向室內供熱保持室內所需溫度的建筑設備叫做采暖系統。采暖系統由熱源或供熱裝置、散熱設備及供熱管道組成。輸送熱量的物質或帶熱體叫做熱媒，一般采用水和蒸氣做為熱媒。熱媒在熱源獲得熱量通過供熱管道輸配到各個用戶或散熱設備，由散熱設備把熱量發散到室內。

圍護結構：建筑物及房間各面的圍擋物，如墻體、屋頂、地板和門窗等。分內、外圍護結構兩類。

采暖熱負荷：為維持采暖房間室內溫度達到設計要求標準時，根據采暖房間圍護結構的耗熱量和得熱量的平衡計算結果，需要采暖系統供給的熱流量。